Acting the same way and desiring a different reaction

[InfernoLL]

So I'm a new 5/10 player and I've done pretty well in the short time I've been playing at this limit. I definitely recognize likely holes in my game which I try to think about in my free time or fix through advise on this forum. Anyway, I was thinking about situations where you raise preflop, get one caller, and typically bet both the flop and the turn. Invariably your opponent check calls twice. In this case, most of the time you will have either unimproved high cards, improved high cards, an unimproved pair. Against a weak player in this situation you would like them to fold if your high cards are unimproved and call when you have a pair. The problem is, you are doing the exact same thing either way, hoping your opponent will take opposite courses of action in each case. Is this unavoidable, or are there standard ways of exploiting each case on the river that I'm unaware of? Also, how often is checking the turn correct and why? Finally, how much does the correct play change when in or out of position?