[momo24]

Because of the texture of the flop, I think there is a lot of hands that he calls your flop bet with. He could have a flush draw, KQ for open-ended straight draw, or possibly a medium pocket pair and he's calling hoping he's still ahead. When the board pairs on the turn, he might think his pocket pair (or Jack) is good and this small bet is giving you an opportunity to throw away AK-AQ. (I'd expect most players in this game, to check-raise in this situation if they actually have trip 10s so his bet actually makes me less likely to think he has a 10)

As for what hands he'll call with that you can beat, I wouldn't look at the raise that way. I'd raise all-in and hope to take the pot down right here, and if not I'm charging him if he calls with one of the many drawing hands he might have. Even if he's behind on the turn, he's certainly going to have outs to catch you, so I'd be happy to see him fold and take down the $40 pot on the turn.