In the early 1930s, an organization called Brit-Shalom favored a bi-national state. It ceased to exist in 1933 becasue of "internal friction, leading to the resignation of several of its founders; strong public criticism of their views; disillusionment at the indifference of Arab nationalist circles to their proposals; and the growing plight of European Jewry with the rise to power of Nazism." (Yosef Gorny, Zionism and the Arabs 1882-1948 .


Later, Martin Buber and Judah Magnes made similar arguments, both brilliantly, but they were both outside of the mainstream of Zionist leadership, which by that time (1940s) had decided that force was going to be needed to create a Jewish state.